Firma:              Heraeus

Modell:            M 104

Kommentar:   Dokumente engl.

AREAS OF APPLICATION

The muffle/chamber furnace is designed for thermal technology applications in the laboratory:

•            Volume of furnace work chamber 4.7 1 (M 104) or 3.8 1 (K 114)

•            Heat treatment of samples and objects from 300 °C to 1000 °C (M 104) or to 1100 °C (K 114)

•            Loads of up to 5 kg

The unit is generally designed for installation and operation in the following areas:

•            Laboratories, such as those found in manufacturing trades and industry, schools, universities, hospitals and biology.

lt is used for:

•            ageing, analysis, tempering, decomposing, baking, annealing, hardening, soldering, oxidising, reducing, incineration and preheating.

The over-temperature protection "upper limit cut-out" which can be supplied with the unit enables operation without constant supervision.

The unit is designed for continuous operation.

To avoid samples being unevenly exposed to heat, care must be taken to maintain a distance from the inner surfaces of the furnace work chamber.

Provisions should always be made to provide operators with protective clothing, such as working gloves and protective glasses, due to the often high temperatures existing in the working environment.

Do not use the unit:

-            to heat up foods

-            for drying or heat treatment of substances which release gases or vapours Into the atmosphere that are flammable or dangerously explosive when mixed with air. This furnace is equally unsuitable for the heat treatment of combustible dusts and fibrous materials.

DESCRIPTION OF UNIT

The basic design of the unit comprises casing, work chamber, tilting door and switching and controlling components.

The work chamber of the M104 laboratory muffle furnace consists of a ceramic muffle. The heating elements are covered and embedded in the muffle. The muffle furnace is designed to operate at temperatures of up to 1000 °C.

The work chamber of the K 114 laboratory muffle furnace consists of fiberboard. Exposed heating elements are set into grooves in the walls and ceiling of the furnace chamber. A ceramic plate covers the floor of the furnace chamber. The unit is designed to work at operating temperatures of up to 1100°C.

Fiber materials provide the unit with thermal insulation showing reliably good heat containment properties and temperature/time parameters.

The metal surfaces around the mouth of the furnace can become extremely hot during Operation at high temperatures. Care must be taken against the danger of injury. To warn against touching them, these surfaces have accordingly been marked with the Symbol shown here.

The furnace chamber is closed off by a tilting door.

The door is opened and closed with a lever on the right side of the unit. The hot interior side of the door swings downward when the door is opened. An integrated protective shield against escaping heat and heated particles simultaneously folds out. The lowered door then serves as a surface on which the unloaded samples can be placed.

There is an aperture (Ø 5 mm) in the middle of the swing door which serves as an access for encased thermocouples providing external measurement of temperatures inside the furnace chamber.

Special measures must be taken and strictly observed to ensure protection of persons from electrical shock when using external temperature measurement devices. Failure to observe these measures is EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS and presents a DANGER of DAMAGE TO ALL CONNECTED SYSTEMS - please refer to instructions in the appropriate section of this manual.

The operating elements for built-in electrical components are integrated into the operating panel of the switching and control unit.

The unit is designed as a plug-in unit and is supplied with a fixed mains connection. A PE conductor (protection class 1) provides protection against electrical shock.

The laboratory furnace is equipped with radio interference suppression.

Temperature control is provided by an electronic temperature controller featuring a sensor defect indicator. The interior temperature is measured by a thermocouple. A power semiconductor in the temperature controller regulates the power supplied for heating.

SAFETY STANDARDS

The unit meets the following safety standards:

DIN 12 880 Section 1 / 11.78

DIN VDE 0700 Section 1 / 04.88

DIN VDE 0875 Section 11 / 07.92

The M 104 / K 114 laboratory muffle and chamber furnaces have also been safety-tested by the testing and certification institute VDE. Certain models (see APPENDIX) comply with GS certification standards and with interference standards, depending the optional equipment installed.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

MECHANICAL
Dimensions (w x H x D)

Outer dimensions:                            456 x 646 x 570 mm

Furnace chamber

(excl. door insulation):                      170 x 130 x 215 mm

Loading space in furnace chamber:   130 x 110 x 205 mm

Usable space (DIN 17 052 Class C,

heated depth 160 mm):                    130 x 80 x 120 mm

Base plate (w x H x D):                     145 x 10 x 240 mm

Min. distance of the furnace to neighboring surfaces

left:                                                    25 mm

right:                                                  100 mm

top:                                                    300 mm

at rear (with spacer):                        80 mm

at rear (with exhaust flue):                100 mm

at rear (with exhaust fan):                 190 mm

Volumes

Furnace chamber:                            4,7 l

Loading space in furnace chamber:   2,9 l

Usable space (DIN 17 052 Class C, heated depth 160 mm):          1,2 l

Weight

Unit:                                                   ca. 52 kg

Maximum load:                                 5 kg       

THERMAL:

Operating temperatures:              300 ... 1000 °C

Temperature deviation

Temporal (DIN 12 880 Section 2)

with spacer:                                      < ± 1 K

with exhaust flue:                              < ± 1 K

with exhaust fan:                               < ± 2 K

Spatial (DIN 17 052 Class C)

at 500 °C:                                          ± 12,5 K

800 °C:                                              ± 7,0 K

1000/1100 °C:                                   ± 7,5 K

Heat rise time (without load)

with spacer / exhaust flue

to 500 °C:                                          ca. 80 min

to 800 °C:                                          ca. 90 min

to 1000/1100 °C:                               ca. 120 min

with exhaust fan

to 500 °C:                                          ca. 50 min

to 800 °C:                                          ca. 85 min

to 1000 °C:                                        ca. 160 min

Cool down time (to 100 °C, without load)

with spacer / exhaust flue

from 500° C:                                     ca. 540 min

from 800 °C:                                     ca. 670 min

from 1000/1100 °C:                          ca. 730 min

Without exhaust fan

from 500 °C:                                     ca. 255 min

from 800 °C:                                     ca. 325 min

from 1000 °C:                                   ca. 350 min

Heat radiation to surrounding areas

at 500 °C:                                          0,4 kW

at 800 °C:                                          0,8 kW

at 1000/1100 °C:                               1,1 kW

VENTILATION / FLUE GASES:

Air replacement in furnace chamber

without / with exhaust flue

at 500 °C:                                          ca. 15 h ^-1

at 800 °C:                                          ca. 10 h ^-1

at 1000/1100 °C:                               ca. 8 h ^-1

with exhaust fan

at 500 °C:                                          ca. 500 h ^-1

at 800 °C:                                          ca. 345 h ^-1

at 1000 °C:                                        ca. 340 h ^-1

Flue gas flow (without ioad) without/ with exhaust flue

at 500 °C:                                          70 l/h

at 800 °C:                                          47 l/h

at 1000/1100 °C:                               38 l/h

with exhaust fan                                46 m ³ /h

Diameter of duct - flue / exhaust fan:             35 / 52 mm

Flue gas temperature at duct

(at max. operating temp.)                 80 (330 1) ) °C

without / with exhaust flue:

with exhaust fan:                               110 (200 1) ) °C

1) the higher value applies momentarily an closing of door

NOISE:

Noise level (DIN 45 635):                  < 58

ELECTRICAL:

± Rated voltage (10%):                     1/PE AC, 230 V

Rated frequency:                              50/60 Hz

Nominal power consumption:           2,5 kW

Connected ioad:                               2,6 kVA

Current ioad:                                     11,4 A

Protection class:                               1

Protection type:                                 IP 20

Circuit protection:                            

(Electrotechnical regulations and EVU-specific technical requirements are to be observed when connecting to mains power supply circuits).

T 16 A fuse or B 16, circuit breaker, connection to leakage current protection switch ( ≤ 30 mA) recommended.

MATERIALS USED

Outer casing                                     Zinc-plated sheet steel, painted RAL 9002

Furnace chamber                             Ceramic C 530, DIN VDE 0335

Door insulation                                  Fireclay brick (chamotte)

Mouth of furnace                               Fireclay brick (chamotte)

Thermal insulation of the

furnace chamber                              Aluminum silicate fiber 1)

Base plate                                         Fireclay brick (chamotte)

Tray                                                   Heat-resistant steel

Heat coils                                          Cr Al Fe

Control panel                                    Mixture of ABS and PC

Electrical components                      Components coated with various

plastics, partially mounted with epoxy resins an circuit boards strengthened with glass fiber.

1) Fiber materials used for insulation are classified as hazardous to health in certain countries. No serious risks to the working environment arises from normal Operation. Improper handling during repairs or dismantlement of the unit can lead to significant levels of contamination.